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Nov 04, 2024

Best carbon gravel bikes in 2024 | Gravel race bikes, bikepacking bikes and more | BikeRadar

The best carbon gravel bikes offer a wealth of ride options to suit your style and budget. There's a huge range to choose from, with no brand's line-up complete until it has a gravel bike. Many bike

The best carbon gravel bikes offer a wealth of ride options to suit your style and budget. There's a huge range to choose from, with no brand's line-up complete until it has a gravel bike. Many bike makers have two or three different gravel platforms to cater for different gravel riding styles.

The ability to deliver flex where it's needed and stiffness where it can aid pedalling efficiency means carbon fibre is an ideal material from which to construct gravel bikes. Carbon fibre can also reduce vibration transmitted to the rider and micro-suspension elements can be built into the carbon layup to further aid comfort.

Below is a list of the best carbon gravel bikes, all rated and reviewed by our expert testers, who between them have clocked up thousands of riding hours and have years of experience.

You can skip to the end to read our buyer's guide to the different types of carbon gravel bikes and find out how carbon gravel bikes compare to the best gravel bikes made from other frame materials.

The value for money offered by the Boardman ADV 9.0 is exceptional and made it the winner of BikeRadar’s Bike of the Year Best Value award in 2021. It's a sub-£2,000 gravel bike that can go anywhere and is very light for its price, stiff and responsive. This leads to great off-road riding and fast acceleration in tarmac.

Boardman is good at spending its money where it will make a difference, so you get a canny mix of Shimano GRX components with a good gear range and tubeless-ready wheels. They're shod with Panaracer GravelKing SK gravel tyres, which are grippy off-road but roll fast as well.

The latest Canyon Grail launched in October 2023 in its new gravel-racing guise.

Deputy editor Jack Luke awarded the Shimano GRX Di2-equipped model a full five stars, praising its go-fast potential, composed ride and superb geometry.

The integrated down tube storage and the inclusion of a frame bag make this bike an appealing pick. However, the cheaper CF SLX 8 Di2 model is arguably just as good, even if it's a smidge heavier.

It may be a gravel race bike, but the quick-release mudguards cement the Grail's versatility. It's just a shame you can't fit standard fenders.

Canyon has two gravel bikes in its quiver, the fast Grail and the more hardcore gravel Grizl, which enables you to fit 50mm tyres. The Grizl also comes with a longer, slacker geometry than the Grail and all the mounting points needed for gravel adventures.

As usual with Canyon bikes, there's a quality spec at a competitive price, with a 1x Shimano GRX groupset, DT Swiss gravel wheels and Canyon VCLS bump-absorbing seatpost.

It's a bike that handles typical UK off-road conditions really competently and also progresses well on tarmac.

The mudguard mounts are Canyon-specific.

GT has been in the gravel game for more than a decade, so to call the Grade Carbon X its best ever gravel bike, as our tester did, is quite the compliment.

Warren Rossiter praised the GT Grade Carbon X's compliance and assured handling over rough and technical stuff.

The Grade Carbon X also matches much more expensive bikes across faster off-road surfaces and climbs.

Shifting from the 11-speed SRAM Apex drivetrain is brisk, but the brakes are occasionally noisy.

All Cannondale Topstone Carbon gravel bike models come with 30mm of vertical travel at the rear. The Lefty models add another 30mm at the front as well, courtesy of Cannondale's single-legged Lefty Oliver carbon suspension fork.

Unridden, it looks a bit strange, but sit a rider on it and the sag in the suspension gives the bike a more usual gravel bike geometry. However, the stability means the bike is great on more technical terrain and helps it fly over flatter gravel trails, making it one of the most capable gravel bikes we've ever reviewed.

The Topstone Lefty 1 is well kitted out too, with a SRAM AXS single-ring groupset and carbon wheels, with plenty of clearance and 700c or 650b wheels an option.

The Devinci Hatchet has a long and slack MTB-like geometry and comes competitively specced, with a gravel dropper post included. The bike can take 700c or 650b wheels with plenty of tyre clearance: 50mm tyres with 700c wheels, which heads up to 53mm on 650b wheels.

That all adds up to a great ride that's fast and fun on everything from regular gravel to deep sand and mud. Although this build is specced with Shimano GRX RX600, there's now an RX810 spec that sits above it.

Norwegian brand Fara specialises in direct-to-market bikes, with its F/All-Road targeting road rides with some gravel rather than vice versa, with 38mm tyre clearance. It's a type of riding typical in Norway and the Fara F/All-Road delivers versatility, handing and value for money.

The finish of the sub-kilo frame is exceptional and there are no fewer than four bottle mounts, as well as fork and mudguard mounts. It's well-specced too with a 2x SRAM Force AXS groupset that goes below 1:1, a 3T cockpit, carbon Fulcrum wheels and Panaracer GravelKing Light TLR 35mm tyres.

The ride is quick and responsive on-road and fast, and nimble on unmetalled surfaces, although it's not a bike for more technical terrain.

The Giant Revolt Advanced Pro 0 won our Bike of the Year competition in 2022 and was the first gravel bike to win overall. With an 8.3kg weight, we rated the fast geometry and lightweight gravel-specific CRX wheelset.

There's tyre clearance of 53mm at the fork for a plush ride. Along with a GRX RX810 Di2 groupset, it makes for great performance. It's a bike with all the mounts for a bikepacking trip, as well as being great for shorter, faster rides.

Adding an X to its name, the Giant Revolt X Advanced Pro 1 also gets a RockShox Rudy XPLR Ultimate 40mm-travel gravel suspension fork, along with chunkier tyres and a tweaked geometry. The dropper post also works as a suspension seatpost with 25mm travel when fully extended.

This transforms the bike from a gravel all-rounder to something geared to more difficult terrain. There's a flippable rear dropout that enables you to fit either 45mm or 53mm tyres, and you can even mount a couple of water bottles on the top tube for a total of five.

Giant specs its own carbon hookless bead CXR 1 wheels with a claimed weight of under 1,400g and 54 points of engagement from DT Swiss internals. There is a mullet drivetrain made up of Rival/GX Eagle AXS components that gives lots of low-speed grunt with a 40x52t lowest ratio.

The Marin Headlands 2 is an accomplished gravel bike that combines gravel and mountain bike traits to good effect.

Our tester found the relaxed riding position comfortable over long distances. Dotted with mounting mounts, the Headlands 2 is an ideal bikepacking bike.

The Headlands 2 also climbs and descends well. Its stability and dropper post help you negotiate technical trails.

You won't need to urgently upgrade any of the components, which is impressive at this price.

By today's standards, the Headlands 2's tyre clearance (700x45mm or 650x50mm) is a little conservative though.

Orbea was early to the gravel scene, releasing the original Terra in 2017. This latest version of the Orbea Terra delivers everything an all-round modern gravel bike should.

It's versatile with enough mounts for bikepacking, quick and comfortable enough for gravel racing, and has the geometry for more technical, singletrack riding.

Costing £5,358/$5,874 with a SRAM Force AXS XPLR 1x drivetrain, the Terra represents good value for money compared to bikes such as the Specialized Crux Expert and Giant Revolt X.

The one downside to this carbon gravel bike is the Fulcrum wheels. It would be nicer to have a lighter, faster set of gravel wheels. But really, this is a small criticism of an otherwise excellent bike.

The Trek Checkpoint SL6 comes with Trek's IsoSpeed decoupler for added compliance. It works well, particularly over big hits, to make things more comfortable at the saddle.

Despite its 9.5kg weight, the Checkpoint feels fast on fire roads and on tarmac.

There's 45mm tyre clearance with 700c wheels and 2.1in with 650b, so there are plenty of options to fit big tyres to help smooth things out and add a little more grip.

Our test bike was equipped with a SRAM Rival AXS XPLR single-ring groupset, giving a good range in a simple-to-use configuration.

You even get Trek's storage compartment in the down tube for tools, tubes and extras.

Icelandic brand Lauf is best known for its Grit leaf spring suspension fork, but it also has an increasing range of gravel bikes to mount it to. The Lauf Seigla increases tyre clearance over its previous models and also adds compliance with features such as dropped seatstays and a tapered top tube.

The Grit fork is in its third generation and, although there's a little bob when climbing, damping is exceptional. When going down the other side, the fork handles larger hits and leads to composed descending.

The Seigla can only fit a 1x drivetrain and the test bike was equipped with SRAM Rival AXS XPLR. The wide BSA73 bottom bracket also means there are a limited number of cranksets available to fit.

Vielo's V+1 Strato SRAM Rival AXS XPLR looks fantastically clean, thanks to the 1x only frameset and classic lines. Its geometry is very much like a road bike and the frame weighs around a 1kg, confirming its fast gravel leanings.

There's still the option to fit 50mm tyres and either 700c or 650b wheels though, which can add a little extra comfort over rougher territory. Vielo says the frame has added compliance built into its carbon layup around the seatstays and chainstays.

Although badged Rival, there's a mix of Rival, Force and own-brand components fitted, with gearing down to 1:1.

The Vitus Venon EVO can be built as a gravel or road bike, with the road version winning our 2023 Bike of the Year award.

Vitus has done a fine job of avoiding any pitfalls that may arise from designing a frameset that's intended to be used as an endurance road bike and gravel bike. This gravel-specific version challenges racy gravel bikes such as the Cervélo Aspero and Specialized Crux.

Unsurprisingly, it's not so suited to tricky off-road terrain, but in this build, you're getting a highly capable and value-packed bike. It could also serve road duties with a change of wheels and tyres.

The 3T Exploro range has expanded from the one original frame design, with the RaceMax – as its name suggests – the fast option.

Like all Exploros, it's aero-optimised – an oddity for a gravel bike when it was introduced, but now increasingly a feature of the best gravel race bikes.

Also novel at the time was the option to fit a 1x or 2x drivetrain and the ability to use 650b wheels, with the Exploro RaceMax handling rubber up to 57mm on 650b wheels.

It's stiff and responsive, with balanced handling and great versatility. But coming from a niche brand, it's not the best value-for-money option. There's a version with a motor if you want an electric gravel bike.

The Basso Palta Ekar is firmly in the go-fast gravel camp, with aero-optimised tubes and a slender fork. The frameset, which is made in Italy, is also lightweight. Our XL-sized test bike tipped the scales at 8.67kg.

The bike is suited to all-road style riding. The geometry is similar to an endurance road bike, but slightly longer and lower, creating a fast ride. The flispide to this is the Palta isn't so suitable for more technical off-road terrain.

The Palta comes with a Campagnolo Ekar groupset and is good value for the money.

We'd recommend it if you're looking for a bike to ride on rough tarmac roads and compact gravel.

The Bianchi Arcadex's angular looks will not appeal to all and it's a bike that's more on/off tarmac than pure gravel, with a comfortable ride feel that's close to an endurance road bike.

Its geometry means you can take on gravel terrain, however, although the ride is firm rather than plush.

The Arcadex feels a little under-specced for its price, with features such as a 31.2mm alloy seatpost rather than a more compliant carbon number (ripe for a dropper post upgrade?), alloy wheels and a Shimano GRX RX600 drivetrain.

The BMC URS includes the brand's MTT 10mm-travel micro-suspension system at the rear, which builds an elastomer block into the seatstays. That's matched with a tuneable 20mm-travel fork for a comfortable, efficient ride on rougher gravel.

The geometry includes a slack 70-degree head angle for controlled steering, but a steep 74-degree seat tube that places you right over the pedals. The carbon layup is designed to make the frame yet smoother but still efficient.

There's great ride quality for fast gravel riding on rattly surfaces and the 9.9kg weight is respectable for an XL-size gravel bike.

The spec includes a mullet Force/X01 Eagle AXS drivetrain and BMC CRD 400 carbon wheels with 40mm WTB Raddler tyres, all making for efficient progress.

The Cannondale Topstone Carbon Rival ACS is a go-anywhere gravel bike that can take on technical, off-road terrain but feels like a cruising, endurance road bike.

Cannondale's Kingpin suspension, which is built into where the seatstays meet the down tube, creates a plush, comfortable ride.

The choice of a 2x SRAM Rival AXS groupset might seem unconventional for an up-to-date gravel bike, but it performs superbly.

The gravel wheels are made by DT Swiss and are shod with Vittoria Terreno Dry tyres, which provide good bite in dry conditions.

Cannondale has specced the bike with integrated lights, which are convenient but might not be powerful enough for off-road night riding.

The carbon Canyon Grail bikes all come with Canyon's unusual double-decker Hover bar, now rebranded the Canyon CP07 Gravelcockpit CF. We preferred the old name.

Although it looks a bit odd, this gravel handlebar is a clever way to add front-end compliance without the weight of a suspension fork or other active system.

The Grail is Canyon's racier gravel bike and doesn't have the tyre clearance of the Grizl. But that does make it a fast ride both off-road and on. The spec of this most affordable carbon Grail is superb for the price, with a Shimano GRX groupset and DT Swiss wheels.

If you fancy a higher spec, we've also ridden the fancier Canyon Grail CF8.0 SL eTap with an electronic groupset.

The Cervélo Áspero is a bike designed around fast gravel riding and gravel racing. There's now a higher-spec Áspero 5 with an even more racey design, including a one-piece bar/stem and aero seatpost, but we reviewed the lower spec with external cable routing and a separate bar and stem.

The Áspero's fork comes with an adjustable dropout so you can change the geometry for consistent handling whether you choose to run 650b or 700c wheels.

It's a stiff, responsive, fast ride both on gravel and on tarmac. The quality spec of the test bike included Reserve carbon wheels and a SRAM Rival AXS XPLR groupset.

The Cube Nuroad is an all-road style bike that, as well as serving gravel duties, can be set up with front and rear racks and mudguards for touring or commuting.

Cube even includes a mounting point for a kickstand. You don't get the extra bottle and bag mounts that many gravel bikes offer though, just the usual two bottle cage mounts as found on road bikes.

The geometry too isn't out-and-out gravel and is closer to an endurance bike. That makes it good for road riding, which is helped by the comfortable saddle. However, the handlebar isn't quite up to the job off-road, feeling harsh and like a compromise too far.

The ENVE MOG is well-suited to rough terrain, feeling composed on technical trails and with its generous 700x50mm soaking up the bumps. The build we tested even has a dropper post.

However, the bike is no slouch, either. It proves to be fast and nimble on smoother gravel tracks, creating a versatile all-rounder.

The performance is enticing and our reviewer described the MOG as one of the most impressive gravel bikes going. But the price tag also makes it one of the most expensive.

The FiftyOne Bikes Assassin acts as several gravel bikes in one thanks to its flip-chip dropouts in the fork and rear stays. These give you two trail positions at the front and three wheelbase lengths at the back to speed up or slow down handling.

In the shorter settings, the FiftyOne Bikes Assassin pelts along firm surfaces like a gravel race bike; its slacker modes permit you to to slalom along singletrack.

Rack and mudguard mounts, and dropper post and Di2 cable routing extend the Assassin's versatility. Tyre clearance for both 700c and 650b wheels in 47mm.

But our tester found that the Campagnolo Ekar shifter occasionally misfired and would have wished for gravel-specific wheels.

The Atlas is all about big bikepacking adventures, and to this end, Focus has even designed specific accessories and racks to maximise the bike's load-carrying potential.

The bike's handling is composed and the relaxed head angle helps the Atlas roll straight over the worst surfaces. A go-far bike like this could miss some ride excitement, but Focus has ensured the Atlas is fun to ride and it can still take on twisting singletrack or rougher downhills.

The frame is firm, but the 700x45mm gravel tyres soften the ride.

Overall, the Focus Atlas is a bit of a chameleon. This will be ideal for some but might be a drawback for others.

From Santa Cruz's women's-specific brand, the Juliana Quincy is a women's version of the Santa Cruz Stigmata. It has the same frame, but women's-specific component choice and clearance for 45mm tyres on 700c rims of 2.1in on 650b wheels.

We found the bike's versatility appealing. It's good for gravel, easier off-road and bikepacking as well as being comfortable and engaging for long road rides, with a comfortable frame and fork.

The SRAM Rival 1 11-speed groupset does the job, although the disc brake rotors let the side down on longer technical descents.

The Liv Devote Advanced Pro is the women's version of the Giant Revolt Advanced Pro and incorporates tech from its heralded sibling.

The flip-chip dropout can transform the Devote Advanced Pro from a race-ready rocket in the short setting to a calmer handling adventure bike with wider tyre clearance in the longer one.

Although £5,559 / $6,500 is a lot to pay, you do get a top-notch spec, including a 2x SRAM Force AXS groupset, and a classy-looking, lightweight frame.

However, our tester thought adjusting the geometry was laborious and the down-tube storage compartment lacked space. She also experienced issues with the shifter positioning and shape of the handlebar drops.

The Pinarello Grevil F shares many of the design features of the Pinarello Dogma F ridden by Team Ineos, with a similar asymmetric frame and fork, and a geometry designed for gravel racing rather than more technical riding.

It's stiff and aero too, really enabling you to put the power down on flatter off-road. As with the Dogma F, components including the one-piece cockpit with integrated cabling come from Pinarello's Most parts brand.

Pinarello has squeezed plenty of tyre clearance into the frame, with room for 50mm tyres thanks to the dropped chainstay design. The ride feels stable for a racier gravel bike.

Our Campagnolo Ekar equipped spec offered plenty of gear range from its 13-speed cassette and the brand's impressive disc braking, although we found the thumb levers awkward to reach. The alloy wheelset needs an upgrade to match the rest of the spec though.

Whereas Pinarello comes from a road background, Pivot's starting point is mountain bikes. The Vault was introduced in 2013 and this is its fourth iteration with 700c x 47mm or 650b x 2in clearance.

It also includes Pivot's IsoFlex, which sandwiches an elastomer insert in the seat tube/seatpost junction to add comfort. It comes in two thicknesses, to enable you to fit a 30.9mm dropper post or a 27.2mm standard seatpost.

The IsoFlex seatpost design works really well and helps smooth out bumpier terrain. Pivot's MTB background stand out on more technical ground though, with controlled descents and easy climbing.

We were less impressed by the component spec, which feels low-grade for an expensive bike. The choice of Ultegra over GRX feels like a mis-step too and leads to excess chain slap and chatter.

The Rondo MYLC CF1 is one of the most adept gravel bikes we've tested on technical trails, especially downhill singletrack.

This off-road poise comes from quite extreme gravel bike geometry, such as a very slack head angle and lengthy front centre. You can speed up handling by switching into the 'High' Twin-Tip dropout position though.

The MYLC CF1 has an impressive build for the money, comprising a fantastic SRAM Rival AXS XPLR groupset, Hunt X-Wide gravel wheels and versatile Vittoria Terreno Mix gravel tyres.

A dropper post would enhance the MYLC CF1's descending ability, so it's a shame Rondo hasn't specced one.

Salsa is on its fourth iteration of the Warbird, which was one of the first gravel-oriented drop-bar bikes built to race. However, 10 years later it's morphed into more of an all-rounder gravel bike with 45c x 700c or 2.1in x 650b tyre clearance and an excess of mounting points to increase versatility.

This base model has a Shimano GRX RX600 groupset, alloy WTB rims in Shimano hubs and Teravail Cannonball 42mm tyres.

We loved the shape, reach and drop of the Salsa Cowbell bars and, despite what the geometry figures suggest, its balanced ride both off-road and on.

The Scott Addict Gravel borrows features from the Addict RC pro-level race bike, including its aero frame profiles and front-end integration. Geometry-wise, it's fast and low, but still allows you to fit 45mm tyres and the 9.4kg weight helps add to the racey qualities.

It's a bike that feels very fast on less techy gravel and balanced when things get more tricky, although the ride position isn't ideal for twisty singletrack. It's fast on tarmac as well.

At 30-spec level, there's a 2x Shimano GRX RX600 groupset and a rather heavy Syncros RP2.0 wheelset. These would benefit from an upgrade to shed some weight. The aero seatpost prevents you fitting a dropper post and a wider-nosed saddle would better suit the ride position.

Formerly a cyclocross rig, the Crux is now a fast gravel bike that can take on 'cross in its spare time. It's super-light, with a stiff 750g frameset and aggressive fast gravel geometry, which leads to a racey ride, although it's not as competent on rougher gravel and techy descents as more planted gravel bikes. You can add comfort by fitting 650b wheels with tyres up to 2.1in.

It's super-expensive and pared down, so if you want bag and mudguards mounts, look elsewhere.

Likewise, if you want a cabled front derailleur, because there's no routing, although wireless or 1x are just fine. The 7.3kg weight makes it one of the lightest gravel bikes out there though.

Specialized adds 20mm of front-end comfort to the Diverge with its simple, tuneable Future Shock 2.0 suspension system. There's plenty of rear-end comfort too, although you can add even more compliance with the Diverge STR – see below.

The Diverge can handle racing as well as it can bikepacking. It's composed whether riding fast or steep technical descents and the SWAT box enables you to hide stuff in the frame.

The Comp Carbon balances performance and value well, although the Diverge is pricey relative to some of the competition.

There's a decent spec, including a Shimano GRX RX810 mechanical groupset and Specialized's Adventure Gear Hover bar, although we'd swap out the 38mm tyres for anything but the driest riding. There's room for 47mm x 700c or 2.1in x 650b.

Not content with the standard Diverge's front Future Shock 2.0, Specialized added Future Shock Rear suspension to the Diverge STR. Essentially, the seat tube hangs off the back of the top tube, with a damper holding the two together. It's a slightly fiddly process to set up and tune, but works well once sorted.

As with the standard Diverge, the Diverge STR handles a wide range of gravel riding from the fast to the techy. VFM isn't the best though, thanks to the complex frame.

The SRAM Rival/GX Eagle AXS drivetrain feels out of place on a bike of this price, although the wide Roval Terra C carbon wheels go some way towards making up for this.

Vitus offers a range of bikes well tuned to their various uses and the Substance is no exception, with a great choice of geometry, drivetrain and components for the price and a sub-9kg weight in size XL. Mounts include Anything bolts on the fork legs if you want to load up.

The spec includes mechanical 11-speed SRAM Rival 1, carbon Prime 650b wheels and 47mm WTB Venture tyres. There's a lot of versatility built in, so you could set up for commutes, bikepacking or just making use of the sorted ride to blast around in the woods.

The Wilier Adlar GRX 1x12 embraces progressive gravel bike geometry to provide confidence and stability on difficult terrain.

Its relaxed ride position and bikepacking mounts lend themselves to luggage-laden adventures.

The shifting and braking of the new Shimano 12-speed GRX groupset impressed our tester. The Adlar's Unstoppable option has huge gear range from a 10-51t cassette.

Unfortunately, the stock Pirellli Cinturato H tyres are all at sea in the wet and mud. The Adlar could do with a carbon seatpost to save weight and improve comfort too.

More than any other material, carbon gravel bikes illustrate the diverse uses for which the best gravel bikes can be designed.

There's still a wide range of all-rounder gravel bikes, typified by the Boardman ADV 9.0 and Cannondale Topstone, that can tackle anything reasonably well. But increasingly, gravel bikes are dividing into clans.

At one end are gravel race bikes. Driven by the ever-increasing popularity of gravel racing, these are bikes designed to travel fast and light off-road. They often include aero features and have geometries that allow you to ride faster, often with more limited tyre clearance. They're typified by the Pinarello Grevil F, Scott Addict Gravel and several other bikes above.

At the other end of the spectrum are gravel bikes designed for more technical riding. These have big tyre clearance, often run on 650b wheels, have sub-1:1 gearing and may include a dropper post and a suspension fork.

The Giant Revolt X is a good example. Based on the Giant Revolt all-rounder, the Revolt X's added features incline it much more towards technical riding.

Yet another category of gravel bikes is geared towards bikepacking and multi-day off-road adventures. As with the more technical gravel bikes, they often include 650b wheels and wide tyres, to provide a comfortable ride when loaded up and very low gearing to help carry the extra weight up hills.

The Salsa Warbird and Vitus Substance CRX are examples above that cater well for this style of riding.

One of the main advantages of carbon gravel bikes over gravel bikes made of other materials is the ability to make them lightweight and compliant, while still stiff enough to pedal efficiently.

Carbon fibre lends itself to the construction of bikes with tuned ride characteristics, as the carbon layup can be adjusted to provide flex or vibration absorption where it's needed, but stiffness where it aids efficient progress.

Often a standard frame design caters for this. However, in bikes such as the Cannondale Topstone Carbon and the Specialized Diverge STR, there are more active suspension elements built in that take advantage of carbon fibre's ability to flex under load without needing the hinges that feature in mountain bike suspension. This saves significant weight.

There was understandable initial caution about using carbon fibre for off-road applications. This was even more pronounced in the mountain bike market than for gravel bikes and it's only in the last few years that carbon-framed MTBs have become prevalent.

However, manufacturers have learned where to strengthen bikes for off-road riding, adding more carbon fibre in areas more prone to damage, such as the underside of the down tube. Some brands, such as BMC, add extra frame protection to these areas.

Although carbon gravel bikes are strengthened against impact damage, it's still possible to write off a carbon gravel bike frame in a heavy crash, usually due to delamination of the carbon layers.

It's a generalisation, but in general, carbon gravel bikes are lighter and more compliant than aluminium gravel bikes, leading to a better ride quality. They're also usually more expensive, as carbon fibre construction is more labour-intensive than welding alloy frames and the raw materials are more expensive too.

Carbon fibre tends to be used for more specialist designs, whereas aluminium gravel bikes are often lower-priced all-rounders.

The price differential between carbon gravel bikes and titanium gravel bikes is less than between carbon and aluminium, and many carbon gravel bikes will undercut the price of titanium gravel bikes. That's because titanium is an expensive metal both to buy and to manufacture cycle frames from.

There are fewer titanium gravel bike models produced than carbon ones and they often come from titanium specialists, while pretty much every brand that sells carbon bikes will have a carbon gravel bike in its range.

The smaller market volumes mean titanium gravel bikes tend to be all-rounders rather than specialist designs.

Titanium gravel bikes, in general, have a reputation for ride comfort, because titanium, rather like steel, will flex a little under load and damp out vibrations from the surface.

Titanium doesn't rust and the raw metal finish of many titanium gravel bikes is aesthetically appealing. It also has high fatigue resistance and can withstand bashes better than aluminium, carbon or steel gravel bikes.